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Amazon SCS-C02 Sample Questions
Question # 1
A company has AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The organizationincludes a dedicated security account.All AWS account activity across all member accounts must be logged and reported to thededicated security account. The company must retain all the activity logs in a securestorage location within the dedicated security account for 2 years. No changes or deletions of the logs are allowed.Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operationaloverhead? (Select TWO.)
A. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 ObjectLock in compliance mode and a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket. Set thebucket policy to allow the organization's management account to write to the S3 bucket. B. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 ObjectLock in compliance mode and a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket. Set thebucket policy to allow the organization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket. C. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket that has an S3 Lifecycleconfiguration that expires objects after 2 years. Set the bucket policy to allow theorganization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket. D. Create an AWS Cloud Trail trail for the organization. Configure logs to be delivered tothe logging Amazon S3 bucket in the dedicated security account. E. Turn on AWS CloudTrail in each account. Configure logs to be delivered to an AmazonS3 bucket that is created in the organization's management account. Forward the logs tothe S3 bucket in the dedicated security account by using AWS Lambda and AmazonKinesis Data Firehose.
Answer: B,D Explanation:The correct answer is B and D. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3bucket. Configure S3 Object Lock in compliance mode and a retention period of 2 years onthe S3 bucket. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization’s member accounts to writeto the S3 bucket. Create an AWS CloudTrail trail for the organization. Configure logs to bedelivered to the logging Amazon S3 bucket in the dedicated security account.According to the AWS documentation, AWS CloudTrail is a service that enablesgovernance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of your AWS account. WithCloudTrail, you can log, continuously monitor, and retain account activity related to actionsacross your AWS infrastructure. CloudTrail provides event history of your AWS accountactivity, including actions taken through the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs,command line tools, and other AWS services.To use CloudTrail with multiple AWS accounts and regions, you need to enable AWSOrganizations with all features enabled. This allows you to centrally manage your accountsand apply policies across your organization. You can also use CloudTrail as a serviceprincipal for AWS Organizations, which lets you create an organization trail that applies toall accounts in your organization. An organization trail logs events for all AWS Regions anddelivers the log files to an S3 bucket that you specify. To create an organization trail, you need to use an administrator account, such as theorganization’s management account or a delegated administrator account. You can thenconfigure the trail to deliver logs to an S3 bucket in the dedicated security account. This willensure that all account activity across all member accounts and regions is logged andreported to the security account.According to the AWS documentation, Amazon S3 is an object storage service that offersscalability, data availability, security, and performance. You can use S3 to store andretrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. You can also use S3 features suchas lifecycle management, encryption, versioning, and replication to optimize your storage.To use S3 with CloudTrail logs, you need to create an S3 bucket in the dedicated securityaccount that will store the logs from the organization trail. You can then configure S3Object Lock on the bucket to prevent objects from being deleted or overwritten for a fixedamount of time or indefinitely. You can also enable compliance mode on the bucket, whichprevents any user, including the root user in your account, from deleting or modifying alocked object until it reaches its retention date.To set a retention period of 2 years on the S3 bucket, you need to create a default retentionconfiguration for the bucket that specifies a retention mode (either governance orcompliance) and a retention period (either a number of days or a date). You can then setthe bucket policy to allow the organization’s member accounts to write to the S3 bucket.This will ensure that all logs are retained in a secure storage location within the securityaccount for 2 years and no changes or deletions are allowed.Option A is incorrect because setting the bucket policy to allow the organization’smanagement account to write to the S3 bucket is not sufficient, as it will not grant access tothe other member accounts in the organization.Option C is incorrect because using an S3 Lifecycle configuration that expires objects after2 years is not secure, as it will allow users to delete or modify objects before they expire.Option E is incorrect because using Lambda and Kinesis Data Firehose to forward logsfrom one S3 bucket to another is not necessary, as CloudTrail can directly deliver logs toan S3 bucket in another account. It also introduces additional operational overhead andcomplexity.
Question # 2
A company wants to monitor the deletion of customer managed CMKs A security engineermust create an alarm that will notify the company before a CMK is deleted The securityengineer has configured the integration of IAM CloudTrail with Amazon CloudWatchWhat should the security engineer do next to meet this requirement?
A. Use inbound rule 100 to allow traffic on TCP port 443 Use inbound rule 200 to denytraffic on TCP port 3306 Use outbound rule 100 to allow traffic on TCP port 443 B. Use inbound rule 100 to deny traffic on TCP port 3306. Use inbound rule 200 to allowtraffic on TCP port range 1024-65535. Use outbound rule 100 to allow traffic on TCP port443 C. Use inbound rule 100 to allow traffic on TCP port range 1024-65535 Use inbound rule200 to deny traffic on TCP port 3306 Use outbound rule 100 to allow traffic on TCP port443 D. Use inbound rule 100 to deny traffic on TCP port 3306 Use inbound rule 200 to allowtraffic on TCP port 443 Use outbound rule 100 to allow traffic on TCP port 443
Answer: A
Question # 3
A company has implemented IAM WAF and Amazon CloudFront for an application. Theapplication runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are part of an Auto Scaling group. TheAuto Scaling group is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).The IAM WAF web ACL uses an IAM Managed Rules rule group and is associated with theCloudFront distribution. CloudFront receives the request from IAM WAF and then uses theALB as the distribution's origin.During a security review, a security engineer discovers that the infrastructure is susceptibleto a large, layer 7 DDoS attack.How can the security engineer improve the security at the edge of the solution to defendagainst this type of attack?
A. Configure the CloudFront distribution to use the Lambda@Edge feature. Create an IAMLambda function that imposes a rate limit on CloudFront viewer requests. Block the requestif the rate limit is exceeded. B. Configure the IAM WAF web ACL so that the web ACL has more capacity units toprocess all IAM WAF rules faster. C. Configure IAM WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automaticallyblocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded. D. Configure the CloudFront distribution to use IAM WAF as its origin instead of the ALB.
Answer: C Explanation: To improve the security at the edge of the solution to defend against a large, layer 7 DDoSattack, the security engineer should do the following:Configure AWS WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit thatautomatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded. This allows thesecurity engineer to use a rule that tracks the number of requests from a single IPaddress and blocks subsequent requests if they exceed a specified thresholdwithin a specified time period.
Question # 4
An IT department currently has a Java web application deployed on Apache Tomcatrunning on Amazon EC2 instances. All traffic to the EC2 instances is sent through aninternet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB) The Security team has noticed during thepast two days thousands of unusual read requests coming from hundreds of IP addresses.This is causing the Tomcat server to run out of threads and reject new connectionsWhich the SIMPLEST change that would address this server issue?
A. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and configure the ALB as the origin B. Block the malicious IPs with a network access list (NACL). C. Create an IAM Web Application Firewall (WAF). and attach it to the ALB D. Map the application domain name to use Route 53
Answer: A Explanation: this is the simplest change that can address the server issue. CloudFront is aservice that provides a global network of edge locations that cache and deliver webcontent. Creating a CloudFront distribution and configuring the ALB as the origin can helpreduce the load on the Tomcat server by serving cached content to the end users.CloudFront can also provide protection against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacksby filtering malicious traffic at the edge locations. The other options are either ineffective orcomplex for solving the server issue.
Question # 5
A company recently had a security audit in which the auditors identified multiple potentialthreats. These potential threats can cause usage pattern changes such as DNS access peak, abnormal instance traffic, abnormal network interface traffic, and unusual Amazon S3API calls. The threats can come from different sources and can occur at any time. Thecompany needs to implement a solution to continuously monitor its system and identify allthese incoming threats in near-real time.Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Enable AWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs. Use Amazon CloudWatchLogs to manage these logs from a centralized account. B. Enable AWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs. Use Amazon Macie tomonitor these logs from a centralized account. C. Enable Amazon GuardDuty from a centralized account. Use GuardDuty to manageAWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs. D. Enable Amazon Inspector from a centralized account. Use Amazon Inspector to manageAWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs.
Answer: C Explanation:Q: Which data sources does GuardDuty analyze? GuardDuty analyzes CloudTrailmanagement event logs, CloudTrail S3 data event logs, VPC Flow Logs, DNS query logs,and Amazon EKS audit logs. GuardDuty can also scan EBS volume data for possiblemalware when GuardDuty Malware Protection is enabled and identifies suspiciousbehavior indicative of malicious software in EC2 instance or container workloads. Theservice is optimized to consume large data volumes for near real-time processing ofsecurity detections. GuardDuty gives you access to built-in detection techniques developedand optimized for the cloud, which are maintained and continuously improved upon byGuardDuty engineering.
Question # 6
A company has multiple Amazon S3 buckets encrypted with customer-managed CMKsDue to regulatory requirements the keys must be rotated every year. The company'sSecurity Engineer has enabled automatic key rotation for the CMKs; however the companywants to verity that the rotation has occurred.What should the Security Engineer do to accomplish this?
A. Filter IAM CloudTrail logs for KeyRotaton events B. Monitor Amazon CloudWatcn Events for any IAM KMS CMK rotation events C. Using the IAM CLI. run the IAM kms gel-key-relation-status operation with the --key-idparameter to check the CMK rotation date D. Use Amazon Athena to query IAM CloudTrail logs saved in an S3 bucket to filterGenerate New Key events
Answer: C Explanation: the aws kms get-key-rotation-status command returns a boolean value thatindicates whether automatic rotation of the customer master key (CMK) is enabled1. Thiscommand also shows the date and time when the CMK was last rotated2. The otheroptions are not valid ways to check the CMK rotation status.
Question # 7
A security engineer needs to build a solution to turn IAM CloudTrail back on in multiple IAMRegions in case it is ever turned off.What is the MOST efficient way to implement this solution?
A. Use IAM Config with a managed rule to trigger the IAM-EnableCloudTrail remediation. B. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) event with acloudtrail.amazonIAM.com event source and a StartLogging event name to trigger an IAMLambda function to call the StartLogging API. C. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm with a cloudtrail.amazonIAM.com event sourceand a StopLogging event name to trigger an IAM Lambda function to call the StartLoggingAPI. D. Monitor IAM Trusted Advisor to ensure CloudTrail logging is enabled.
Answer: B
Question # 8
An application is running on an Amazon EC2 instance that has an IAM role attached. TheIAM role provides access to an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customermanaged key and an Amazon S3 bucket. The key is used to access 2 TB of sensitive datathat is stored in the S3 bucket.A security engineer discovers a potential vulnerability on the EC2 instance that could resultin the compromise of the sensitive data. Due to other critical operations, the securityengineer cannot immediately shut down the EC2 instance for vulnerability patching.What is the FASTEST way to prevent the sensitive data from being exposed?
A. Download the data from the existing S3 bucket to a new EC2 instance. Then delete thedata from the S3 bucket. Re-encrypt the data with a client-based key. Upload the data to anew S3 bucket. B. Block access to the public range of S3 endpoint IP addresses by using a host-basedfirewall. Ensure that internet-bound traffic from the affected EC2 instance is routed throughthe host-based firewall. C. Revoke the IAM role's active session permissions. Update the S3 bucket policy to denyaccess to the IAM role. Remove the IAM role from the EC2 instance profile. D. Disable the current key. Create a new KMS key that the IAM role does not have accessto, and re-encrypt all the data with the new key. Schedule the compromised key fordeletion.
Answer: D
Question # 9
A company uses Amazon API Gateway to present REST APIs to users. An API developerwants to analyze API access patterns without the need to parse the log files.Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort? (SelectTWO.)
A. Configure access logging for the required API stage. B. Configure an AWS CloudTrail trail destination for API Gateway events. Configure filterson the userldentity, userAgent, and sourcelPAddress fields. C. Configure an Amazon S3 destination for API Gateway logs. Run Amazon Athenaqueries to analyze API access information. D. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to analyze API access information. E. Select the Enable Detailed CloudWatch Metrics option on the required API stage.
Answer: C,D
Question # 10
A company has an application that uses dozens of Amazon DynamoDB tables to storedata. Auditors find that the tables do not comply with the company's data protection policy.The company's retention policy states that all data must be backed up twice each month:once at midnight on the 15th day of the month and again at midnight on the 25th day of themonth. The company must retain the backups for 3 months.Which combination of steps should a security engineer take to meet these re-quirements?(Select TWO.)
A. Use the DynamoDB on-demand backup capability to create a backup plan. Con-figure alifecycle policy to expire backups after 3 months. B. Use AWS DataSync to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retentionperiod of 3 months. C. Use AVVS Backup to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retentionperiod of 3 months. D. Set the backup frequency by using a cron schedule expression. Assign eachDynamoDB table to the backup plan. E. Set the backup frequency by using a rate schedule expression. Assign each DynamoDBtable to the backup plan.
